Africa Regulatory Framework

South Africa

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993	Primary OHS legislation.	Workplace H&S
General Safety Regulations, 1986	Fire prevention/protection.	Workplace H&S
National Building Regulations (SANS 10400 – Part T)	Building fire protection.	Fire Safety
Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996	Fire prevention at mines.	Fire Safety
Fire Brigade Services Act, 1987	Fire services operations.	Fire/Emergency
Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), 2013	Sets rules for the processing of personal information.	Data Protection
National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), 1998	Environmental protection standards.	Environmental
Liquor Act, 2003	Regulates the sale and consumption of alcohol.	Licensing
Disaster Management Act, 2002	Emergency preparedness and response.	Emergency Management

Department of Employment and Labour: Enforces occupational health and safety legislation.
South African Bureau of Standards (SABS): Sets national technical standards for equipment and facilities.
Directorate of Fire Services: Fire safety enforcement and emergency response.
Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSIRA): Regulates private security providers.
South African Police Service (SAPS): Public order and security for events.

Egypt

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Labour Law No. 12 of 2003	Primary labour and OHS legislation.	Workplace H&S
Civil Protection Law No. 66 of 1959	Fire safety and civil defence framework.	Fire Safety
Egyptian Building Code (EBC)	Building and structural safety standards.	Building Safety
Environmental Law No. 4 of 1994 (amended 2009)	Environmental protection and waste management.	Environmental
Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 of 2020	Data protection and privacy framework.	Data Protection

Ministry of Manpower and Immigration: Enforces labour and OHS legislation.
Ministry of Interior (Civil Defence): Fire safety and civil protection authority.
Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA): Environmental protection.
Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities: Building and construction standards.
National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA): Cybersecurity and data protection.

Kenya

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007	Primary OHS legislation.	Workplace H&S
Fire Risk Reduction Rules, 2007	Fire safety requirements for premises.	Fire Safety
Kenya Building Code	Building construction and safety standards.	Building Safety
Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999	Environmental protection and impact assessment.	Environmental
Data Protection Act, 2019	Personal data protection and privacy.	Data Protection

Directorate of Occupational Safety and Health Services (DOSHS): Enforces OHS legislation.
Kenya Fire and Rescue Service: Fire safety and emergency response.
National Environment Management Authority (NEMA): Environmental protection.
Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC): Data protection and privacy.
National Construction Authority (NCA): Building and construction standards.

Nigeria

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Factories Act, 2004	Primary OHS legislation for workplaces.	Workplace H&S
National Building Code, 2006	Building construction and fire safety.	Building Safety
Fire Safety Regulations	Fire prevention and emergency response.	Fire Safety
Environmental Impact Assessment Act, 1992	Environmental protection and assessment.	Environmental
Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR), 2019	Personal data protection framework.	Data Protection

Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment: Enforces labour and OHS legislation.
Federal Fire Service: Fire safety and emergency response.
National Building Code Advisory Committee: Building and construction standards.
National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA): Environmental protection.
National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA): Data protection and cybersecurity.

Ghana

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Factories, Offices and Shops Act, 1970 (Act 328)	Primary OHS legislation.	Workplace H&S
Ghana Building Regulations, 1996	Building and fire safety standards.	Building Safety
Fire and Rescue Service Act, 1997 (Act 537)	Fire prevention and emergency response.	Fire Safety
Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1994 (Act 490)	Environmental protection and impact assessment.	Environmental
Data Protection Act, 2012 (Act 843)	Personal data protection and privacy.	Data Protection

Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations: Enforces labour and OHS legislation.
Ghana National Fire and Rescue Service (GNFRS): Fire safety and emergency response.
Ghana Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI): Building and construction standards.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Environmental protection.
Data Protection Commission: Data protection and privacy.

Morocco

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Labour Code (Loi n° 65-99)	Primary labour and OHS legislation.	Workplace H&S
Fire Safety Regulations	Fire prevention and protection standards.	Fire Safety
Building Code (Règlement de Construction)	Building and safety standards.	Building Safety
Law No. 11-03 on Environmental Protection	Environmental protection and impact assessment.	Environmental
Law No. 09-08 on Personal Data Protection	Personal data protection and privacy.	Data Protection

Ministry of Employment and Professional Integration: Enforces labour and OHS legislation.
Civil Protection Authority (DGPC): Fire safety and civil protection.
Ministry of Housing and Urban Policy: Building and construction standards.
Moroccan Agency for Environmental Protection: Environmental protection.
National Commission for Data Protection (CNDP): Data protection and privacy.

Tanzania

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2003	Primary OHS legislation.	Workplace H&S
Fire and Rescue Service Act, 2007	Fire safety and emergency response.	Fire Safety
Tanzania Building Standards	Building construction and safety.	Building Safety
Environmental Management Act, 2004	Environmental protection and impact assessment.	Environmental
Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2023	Personal data protection and privacy.	Data Protection

Ministry of Labour, Youth, Employment and Persons with Disability: Enforces labour and OHS legislation.
Fire and Rescue Force: Fire safety and emergency response.
National Environment Management Council (NEMC): Environmental protection.
Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS): National technical standards.
Personal Data Protection Commission: Data protection and privacy.

Botswana

Legislation / Regulation	Details	Area
Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2001	Primary OHS legislation.	Workplace H&S
Fire Safety Regulations	Fire prevention and protection standards.	Fire Safety
Building Regulations	Building construction and safety.	Building Safety
Environmental Protection Act, 2017	Environmental protection and impact assessment.	Environmental
Data Protection Act, 2020	Personal data protection and privacy.	Data Protection

Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs: Enforces labour and OHS legislation.
Botswana Fire Services: Fire safety and emergency response.
Department of Environmental Affairs: Environmental protection.
Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS): National technical standards.
Data Protection Authority: Data protection and privacy.

Regional Overview

Many African nations follow a combination of their own national legislation, regional economic community frameworks, and international standards. The African Union (AU) and regional bodies such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC), East African Community (EAC), and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) work towards harmonizing safety and health standards across member states. Individual countries maintain their own regulatory authorities and enforcement mechanisms, while adopting international standards where appropriate.